Beyond the Human Eye

Fern spores are produced in vast numbers on the understide of fern fronds during the summer months. For details of ho...

Some polypody Polypodium vulgare ferns continue producing spores deep into winter and if you turn over a few fronds you’re eventually lik...

Turn over a fern frond at this time of year and you’ll find that the underside is covered in rows of what look like small blisters (bottom ...